Kuki amatara yaka traffic yahisemo amabara atatu yumutuku, umuhondo nicyatsi?

Itara ritukura "rihagarara", urumuri rwicyatsi "rugenda", kandi itara ry'umuhondo rirahari "genda vuba". Iyi ni formula yumuhanda tumaze gufata mu mutwe kuva mu bwana, ariko uzi impamvu Uwitekaitara ryaka trafficahitamo umutuku, umuhondo, nicyatsi aho kubandi mabara?

Ibara ryamatara yaka traffic

Turabizi ko urumuri rugaragara ari uburyo bwa electromagnetic, nikihe gice cya electromagrum ya electromagrum ishobora kubonwa nijisho ryabantu. Kubwinshi, igihe kirekire cyumuraba, bidashoboka ko ari ugutatana, hamwe nuruhande. Uburebure bwamateka ya electromaGNETIC Amaso yabantu basanzwe arashobora kubona ko ari hagati ya 400 na 760 Nanometero, hamwe nuburebure bwumucyo ni butandukanye. Muri bo, uburebure bw'umuriro utukura ni 760 ~ 622 nanometero; uburebure bwumuyaga wumuhondo ni 597 ~ 577 nanometero; Uburebure bwamabuye bwumucyo ni 577 ~ 492 nanometero. Kubwibyo, byaba ari urumuri ruzenguzi cyangwa umwambi wo mu muhanda, amatara yo gucana imihanda azategurwa muburyo bwumutuku, umuhondo, nicyatsi. Hejuru cyangwa ibumoso igomba kuba itara ritukura, mugihe urumuri rwumuhondo ruri hagati. Hariho impamvu yiyi gahunda - niba voltage idahungabana cyangwa izuba rikomeye, gahunda ihamye yinkomoko byoroshye kuba umushoferi kumenya, kugirango umutekano wo gutwara.

Amateka yo gucana imihanda

Amatara ya kera yaka yagenewe gari ya moshi aho kuba imodoka. Kuberako umutuku ufite uburebure burebure bwumuranga muri spectrum igaragara, irashobora kugaragara kure kurenza andi mabara. Kubwibyo, ikoreshwa nkindabyo yumuhanda kuri gari ya moshi. Muri icyo gihe, kubera ibintu bifata amaso, imico myinshi ifata umutuku nk'ikimenyetso cyo kuburira by'akaga.

Icyatsi ni icya kabiri kumuhondo gusa muburyo bugaragara, bituma ibara ryoroshye kubona. Mu matara ya gari ya moshi ya mbere, icyatsi cyagaragaye mbere "kuburira", mugihe idafite ibara cyangwa cyera cyerekanwe "traffic zose".

Dukurikije "ibimenyetso bya gari ya moshi", ubundi buryo bw'amateka y'umwimerere bw'amatara ya gari ya moshi yari yera, icyatsi n'umutuku. Itara ryicyatsi ryerekanaga umuburo, urumuri rwera rwabwirijwe ko rwari dufite umutekano kugenda, kandi urumuri rutukura rwerekana guhagarara tugategereza, nkuko bimeze ubu. Ariko, muburyo bufatika, amatara yerekana amabara nijoro aragaragara cyane ku nyubako z'umukara, mugihe amatara yera ashobora guhuzwa nibintu byose. Kurugero, Ukwezi gusanzwe, amatara, ndetse n'amatara yera arashobora guhuzwa nayo. Muri uru rubanza, umushoferi arashobora gutera impanuka kuko adashobora gutandukanya neza.

Igihe cya kuvugurwa cyimyanda yumuhondo itinze, kandi uwahimbye ni Umushinwa hu ruding. Amatara yumuhanda kare yari afite amabara abiri, umutuku nicyatsi. Igihe Hugung yigaga muri Amerika mu myaka ye ya mbere, yagendaga mu muhanda. Igihe urumuri rw'icyatsi rwarahindutse, yari hafi gukomeza igihe imodoka yahindutse yanyuze, ikamukubita mu modoka. Mubyuya bikonje. Kubwibyo, yazanye igitekerezo cyo gukoresha urumuri rwibimenyetso byumuhondo, ni ukuvuga umuhondo ugaragara ufite uburebure bwuzuye urwa kabiri kugirango umutuku, kandi ugume muri "umuburo" wo kwibutsa abantu ibyago.

Mu 1968, amasezerano y'umuryango w'abibumbye "ku masezerano ku muhanda n'ibimenyetso by'imihanda n'ibimenyetso" byateganyaga ibisobanuro by'amatara atandukanye yaka. Muri bo, urumuri rw'umuhondo rukoreshwa nk'ikimenyetso cyo kuburira. Ibinyabiziga bireba urumuri rwumuhondo ntirushobora kwambuka umurongo, ariko iyo ikinyabiziga kiri hafi yumurongo uhagarara kandi ntushobora guhagarara neza mugihe, birashobora kwinjira mumasanganyamatsiko no gutegereza. Kuva icyo gihe, aya mabwiriza yakoreshejwe kwisi yose.

Ibyavuzwe haruguru ni ibara n'amateka yo gucana traffic, niba ushishikajwe no gucana traffic traffic, murakaza nezaGukubita urujya n'uruzaQixiang toSoma byinshi.