Mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 19, mu Mujyi wa York mu Bwongereza bwo Hagati, imyenda itukura n'icyatsi kibisi yagaragazaga imico itandukanye y'abagore. Muri yo, umugore wambaye ibara ritukura bivuze ko nashatse, mu gihe umugore wambaye icyatsi kibisi adashaka. Nyuma, impanuka z'imodoka zakunze kubera imbere y'inyubako y'inteko ishinga amategeko i Londres, mu Bwongereza, bityo abantu bashishikajwe n'imyenda itukura n'icyatsi kibisi. Ku ya 10 Ukuboza 1868, umuntu wa mbere mu muryango w'amatara y'ikimenyetso yavukiye ku kibuga cy'inyubako y'inteko ishinga amategeko i Londres. Itara ryakozwe kandi rikorwa n'umukanishi w'Umwongereza de Hart icyo gihe ryari rifite uburebure bwa metero 7, kandi ryari rimanitswe n'itara ritukura n'iry'icyatsi kibisi - itara rya gazi, ryari itara rya mbere ry'ikimenyetso ku muhanda w'umujyi.
Ku nsi y'itara, umupolisi wari ufite igiti kirekire yakuruye umukandara kugira ngo ahindure ibara ry'itara uko abyifuza. Nyuma, hagati mu itara hashyizweho igicucu cy'itara rya gazi, kandi imbere yaryo hari ibice bibiri by'ibirahure bitukura n'icyatsi kibisi. Ikibabaje ni uko itara rya gazi, ryari rimaze iminsi 23 gusa, ryaturika mu buryo butunguranye rihita rizimira, rihitana umupolisi wari ku kazi.
Kuva icyo gihe, amatara yo mu mujyi yarahagaritswe. Cleveland muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika ni yo yafashe iya mbere mu gusana amatara yo mu muhanda, ariko yari asanzwe ari "amatara y'amashanyarazi". Nyuma, amatara yo mu muhanda yongeye kugaragara mu mijyi nka New York na Chicago.
Bitewe n’iterambere ry’uburyo butandukanye bwo gutwara abantu n’ibikenewe mu buyobozi bw’umuhanda, itara rya mbere ry’amabara atatu (ibimenyetso bitukura, umuhondo n’icyatsi kibisi) ryavutse mu 1918. Ni porojeketeri ifite impande enye z’amabara atatu, ishyizwe ku munara uri ku muhanda wa gatanu mu Mujyi wa New York. Kubera ivuka ryayo, urujya n’uruza rw’abantu mu mijyi rwarushijeho kuba rwiza cyane.
Umuvumbuzi w'itara ry'umuhondo ni Hu ruding wo mu Bushinwa. Afite intego yo "kurokora igihugu binyuze mu bumenyi", yagiye muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika gukomeza amasomo, akora nk'umukozi wa General Electric Company yo muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, aho Edison, umuvumbuzi ukomeye, yari perezida. Umunsi umwe, yahagaze mu masangano y'imihanda ategereje ikimenyetso cy'itara ry'icyatsi kibisi. Abonye itara ritukura agiye kunyuraho, imodoka yazungurukaga yanyuzeho ijwi rihindagurika, ryamuteye ubwoba kubera ibyuya bikonje. Agarutse mu cyumba cy'icumbi, yatekereje kenshi, maze amaherezo atekereza kongeramo itara ry'umuhondo hagati y'amatara atukura n'ay'icyatsi kibisi kugira ngo yibutse abantu kwitondera akaga kari kuba. Igitekerezo cye cyahise cyemezwa n'impande zirebwa. Kubwibyo, amatara atukura, umuhondo n'icyatsi kibisi, nk'umuryango wuzuye w'amatangazo y'ubuyobozi, yakwirakwiriye ku isi yose mu bijyanye n'ubwikorezi bwo ku butaka, mu mazi no mu kirere.
Amatara yo mu muhanda ya mbere mu Bushinwa yagaragaye mu masezerano y’Abongereza i Shanghai mu 1928. Kuva ku mukandara wa mbere ufatwa n’intoki kugeza ku igenzura ry’amashanyarazi mu myaka ya 1950, kuva ku ikoreshwa rya mudasobwa kugeza ku igenzura ry’igihe rigezweho rya elegitoroniki, amatara yo mu muhanda yagiye avugururwa buri gihe, ategurwa kandi anozwa mu bumenyi no mu buryo bwikora.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nyakanga-01-2022
