Mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 19, mu mujyi wa York mu Bwongereza bwo hagati, imyenda itukura n'icyatsi yagereranyaga imico itandukanye y'abagore. Muri bo, umugore wambaye umutuku bivuze ko nubatse, mugihe umugore wicyatsi atarubatse. Nyuma, impanuka zo gutwara abantu zakunze kuba imbere yinyubako yinteko ishinga amategeko i Londere mu Bwongereza, bityo abantu bakaba baratewe inkunga n imyenda itukura nicyatsi. Ku ya 10 Ukuboza 1868, umunyamuryango wa mbere mu muryango w’itara ryerekana ibimenyetso yavukiye ku kibuga cy’inyubako y’inteko ishinga amategeko i Londres. Itara ryamatara ryakozwe kandi ryakozwe nu mukanishi w’Ubwongereza de Hart icyo gihe ryari rifite metero 7 z'uburebure, kandi rimanikwa hamwe n’itara ritukura n’icyatsi kibisi - itara rya gazi, ryari itara rya mbere ryerekana ibimenyetso ku muhanda wumujyi.
Munsi y itara, umupolisi ufite inkingi ndende yakuye umukandara kugirango ahindure ibara ryitara uko bishakiye. Nyuma, itara rya gaze ryashyizwe hagati y’itara ryerekana ibimenyetso, kandi imbere yaryo hari ibice bibiri byikirahure gitukura nicyatsi. Kubwamahirwe, itara rya gaze ryaboneka muminsi 23 gusa, ryaturikiye rirasohoka, ryica umupolisi wari ku kazi.
Kuva icyo gihe, amatara yo mu mujyi yarahagaritswe. Mu 1914 ni bwo Cleveland muri Amerika yafashe iya mbere mu kugarura amatara yo mu muhanda, ariko yari asanzwe ari “itara ry'amashanyarazi”. Nyuma, amatara yumuhanda yongeye kugaragara mumijyi nka New York na Chicago.
Hamwe nogutezimbere uburyo butandukanye bwo gutwara abantu n'ibikenewe byubuyobozi bwumuhanda, itara ryambere ryukuri rya tricolor (ibimenyetso byumutuku, umuhondo nicyatsi) byavutse mumwaka wa 1918. Ni ibara ryamabara atatu azenguruka umushinga wimpande enye, ushyizwe kumunara. ku Muhanda wa gatanu mu mujyi wa New York. Kubera ivuka ryayo, umuhanda wo mumijyi wateye imbere cyane.
Uwahimbye itara ry'umuhondo ni Hu ruding w'Ubushinwa. Afite intego yo “gukiza igihugu binyuze muri siyansi”, yagiye muri Amerika kugira ngo akomeze kwiga kandi akora nk'umukozi wa sosiyete ikora amashanyarazi rusange yo muri Amerika, aho Edison, umuhimbyi ukomeye, yari umuyobozi. Umunsi umwe, yahagaze ku masangano ahuze ategereje ikimenyetso cyatsi kibisi. Abonye itara ritukura kandi yenda kurengana, imodoka ihindukira irengana n'ijwi rirenga, bimutera ubwoba mu icyuya gikonje. Amaze gusubira muri dortoir, yatekereje inshuro nyinshi, arangije atekereza kongeramo itara ry'umuhondo hagati y'itara ritukura n'icyatsi kibutsa abantu kwitondera akaga. Igitekerezo cye cyahise gishimangirwa n’ababuranyi bireba. Kubwibyo, amatara yumutuku, umuhondo nicyatsi, nkumuryango wuzuye wibimenyetso byumuryango, wakwirakwiriye kwisi yose mubijyanye nubutaka, inyanja nogutwara ikirere.
Amatara ya mbere y’umuhanda mu Bushinwa yagaragaye mu masezerano y’Abongereza yabereye i Shanghai mu 1928. Kuva ku mukandara wa mbere wafashwe n'intoki kugeza ku mashanyarazi mu myaka ya za 1950, kuva mu gukoresha igenzura rya mudasobwa kugeza ku gihe cya elegitoroniki igezweho, amatara y’umuhanda yagiye avugururwa, yateye imbere kandi itezimbere mubumenyi no kwikora.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Jul-01-2022
