Uburyo bwo guhitamo ibice by'ikimenyetso cy'umuhanda

Ku bijyanye no guhitamo igikwiyeinkingi z'ibimenyetso by'umuhandaHari ubwoko bumwe na bumwe bwo gusuzuma. Ufite ubwaweInkingi z'amatara yo mu muhanda zifite impande enye, Inkingi z'amatara yo mu muhanda zifite imiterere y'urukiramende, naInkingi z'amatara yo mu muhanda zifite urukiramende, buri wese afite imbaraga ze bwite.Inkingi z'ikimenyetso cy'umuhanda zifite umurongo wa octagonalni amahitamo akunzwe cyane ku mihanda isanzwe kuko ashobora kwihanganira imihangayiko ku buryo bungana kandi afite imiterere myiza kandi ingana.Inkingi z'ibimenyetso by'umuhanda bifite imiterere y'urukiramendeKu rundi ruhande, zifite isura nziza kandi zikunze gukoreshwa mu mihanda myiza cyangwa mu mihanda minini yo mu mijyi.Inkingi z'urukiramendeZirakomeye cyane kandi zishobora kwihanganira imizigo iremereye, bigatuma ziba nziza cyane ku ihuriro rinini rifite amatara menshi yo ku muhanda n'ibikoresho byinshi. Hanyuma hari utu duce tw'imbere tw'umuhanda, nk'igisubizo cy'ingenzi ku ihuriro rinini ry'imihanda myinshi - zishobora gufata amatara menshi yo ku muhanda n'ibikoresho byo kugenzura icyarimwe. Rero, kugira ngo umenye ubwoko bw'inkingi ukeneye, ugomba kubanza kumenya imiterere yayo. Ibi bizagufasha guhitamo ikwiriye imiterere yawe. Waba urimo gukorana n'ihuriro ry'imihanda ry'imodoka cyangwa umuhanda mwiza, guhitamo inkingi z'amashanyarazi zikwiye ni ingenzi ku mutekano no kunoza akazi. Urebye ubwoko butandukanye bw'inkingi n'imiterere yazo, ushobora gufata icyemezo gisobanutse neza no kubona ibikoresho bikwiye akazi.

Ku bijyanye no guhitamo igikwiyeuburebure bw'icyuma gifata ubushyuhe, ni igice cy'ingenzi cy'iyi gahunda. Umubare w'inzira ziri ku muhanda ugira uruhare runini mu gufata icyemezo cy'uburebure bw'icyuma gitwara imizigo. Urugero, niba urimo gukorana n'umuntuumuhanda w'imihanda ibiri,uburebure bwa metero 3-5 z'umuyoboro w'amaziubusanzwe ni amahitamo meza. Ku rundi ruhande, niba ukorana naumuhanda w'imihanda ine, uzakenera kujya nauburebure bwa metero 6-8 z'umuyoboro w'amaziKandi ku mihanda minini ifiteinzira esheshatu cyangwa zirenga,uburebure bwa metero 9-12Akenshi birasabwa. Ariko iki ni iki: iyo ukoze cantilever ndende cyane, ishobora guteza ibibazo. Igihe cyo gupfukama kw'inkingi kiriyongera, bivuze ko uzakenera gukaza urukuta rw'umuyoboro kugira ngo wirinde gupfukama no kwangirika uko igihe kigenda. Ni ngombwa kandi kwemeza ko hari intera ihagije y'umutekano kugira ngo amatara yo mu muhanda akomeze kuba hejuru y'umuhanda, nta mbogamizi nk'ibiti cyangwa inzira zinyuramo. Ibi ni ingenzi kugira ngo byose bigende neza kandi mu mutekano. Rero, iyo urimo kubara uburebure bwa cantilever, ugomba kuzirikana ibi bintu byose. Si ugupfuka amatara amwe no kuyakoresha umunsi umwe gusa - ugomba gutekereza witonze ku miterere y'umuhanda n'imodoka zizawukoresha. Ubikoze, ushobora gushyiraho uburyo bwizewe kandi bunoze bukorera buri wese.

Ibintu inkingi zikozwemo n'uburyo zirinda ingese ni ingenzi cyane iyo bigeze ku gihe zimara. Ubusanzwe, inkingi z'ibimenyetso by'umuhanda zikorwa mu bwoko bw'icyuma cyitwaQ235, kandi barinzwe n'inzira yitwagushyushya no gushyushya, cyangwa rimwe na rimwe ibyo bigakurikirwa n'urundi rwego rw'uburinzi rwitwaifu itwikiriwe n'amashanyaraziAriko mu turere twegereye inyanja cyangwa imigezi, aho umwuka urimo umunyu kandi ushobora kwangiza inkingi, ni byiza gukoresha uburyo bubiri bwo kurinda –gushyushya no gushyushyanagusiga ifu– kugira ngo bitazangirika. Mu mijyi iri imbere mu gihugu, ubusanzwe urwego rumwe rw'amashanyarazi ashyushye arahagije. Ikintu ni uko, ibimenyetso by'umuhanda biba hanze igihe cyose, bigwa imvura kandi byicaye ku zuba, bizatangira kwangirika niba bidakingiwe neza bihagije, kandi ibyo bishobora guteza ikibazo cy'umutekano. Rero, ni ngombwa cyane gukoresha ibikoresho bikwiye n'uburyo bwo kurinda kugira ngo inkingi zirambe igihe kirekire kandi zikomeze kuba mu mutekano.

Imiterere y'umutwaro w'ibidukikije ntishobora kwirengagizwa. Uturere dutandukanye dufite ibisabwa byihariye kurikurwanya umuyaga. Uduce tw’ibibaya muri rusange twujuje igipimo cyo kwirinda umuyaga cya27 m/s, mu gihe uturere twibasirwa n'inkubi z'umuyaga dusaba ko habaho uburyo bwo36 m/scyangwa hejuru. Mu gushyiraho ibikoresho byinshi, uburemere bwose bw'amatara yo ku muhanda, kamera, n'aho bashyira ibintu bigomba kubarwa kugira ngo hirindwe kurenza urugero rw'ibintu. Ishingiro rigomba kandi guhuza n'inkingi; inkingi ndende zigomba gufatirwamo amabati manini n'inkingi za beto.

Ku bijyanye no gushyiraho amatara yo mu muhanda, hari ibintu byinshi byo gutekerezaho. Si amategeko gusa, ahubwo n'uko asa. Urugero, mu mijyi mito, ushobora kuyashyira ku nkuta gusa. Ariko mu mijyi minini, inkingi z'amatara yo mu muhanda zigomba kuba zijyanye n'imiterere n'amabara by'umujyi. Gahunda yose ikurikiza amabwiriza akomeye kugira ngo ibintu byose bigerweho neza kandi bikore neza. Ntabwo bakoresha inkingi nto cyane cyangwa zitujuje ibisabwa. Intego ni uguhitamo inkingi z'amatara yo mu muhanda zikora akazi kazo kandi zimara igihe kirekire, bityo ntugomba gukoresha amafaranga menshi mu kuzisana nyuma. Muri ubu buryo, imodoka zikomeza kugenda neza kandi mu mutekano.

Qixiangikora ubwoko bwose bwainkingi z'amatara yo mu muhanda, nk'ubwoko bwa octagonal, iz'inyuma, n'izininiinkingi z'amadirishyaIbimenyetso byacu by'umuhanda bikozwe mu buryo bukomeyeIcyuma cya Q235kandi tukabarinda ingese dukoresheje uburyo bwihariyegushyushya no gushyushyan'uburyo bwo gusiga ifu. Niba ukeneye inkingi y'ikimenyetso cy'umuhanda ifite uburebure runaka bw'ukuboko cyangwa ukaba ushaka ko ishobora kwihanganira umuyaga mwinshi, turabishobora. Dufite ingano n'ubwoko butandukanye, kandi inkingi zacu zubatswe kugira ngo zirambe. Ushobora no kuzigura ukoresheje bolts zo gukingira kugira ngo urusheho kugira umutekano. Niba ushaka inkingi nziza z'ikimenyetso cy'umuhanda, tubwire icyo ukeneye maze tuzakwitaho - twese duharanira gutanga ibisubizo byiza ku mihanda.