Amateka Yibimenyetso byumuhanda

Amateka yaIkibuga cy'ibimenyetsoAmatariki asubira mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 20 igihe habaye ngombwa ko habaho uburyo butunganijwe muburyo butunganijwe kandi bunoze bwo gucunga imihanda. Mugihe umubare wibinyabiziga biri kumuhanda biriyongera, niko hakenewe sisitemu ishobora kurwanya neza ingendo ku masangano.

Abagenzuzi ba mbere b'ibimenyetso byari ibikoresho byoroheje byahanishi bikoresha urukurikirane rw'ibikoresho kandi bikaba gucunga igihe cy'ibimenyetso by'umuhanda. Aba bashinzwe hambere bakorewe intoki ku bayobozi b'umuhanda, bazahindura ibimenyetso baturutse umutuku kugeza icyatsi bushingiye ku muhanda. Mugihe iyi sisitemu ari intambwe mu cyerekezo cyiza, ntabwo ifite amakosa yayo. Kuri imwe, yishingikirije cyane ku rubanza rw'abayobozi b'umuhanda, bashobora gukora amakosa cyangwa bayoborwa n'ibintu byo hanze. Byongeye kandi, sisitemu ntishobora guhuza nimpinduka mumihanda yumuhanda umunsi wose.

Mu 1920, umugenzuzi wa mbere wo mu buryo bwikora yatejwe imbere muri Amerika. Iyi verisiyo kare yakoresheje urukurikirane rwibihe bya electromencal kugirango igenzure igihe ibimenyetso byumuhanda. Nubwo ari byiza cyane kuri sisitemu yintoki, biracyafite aho bihuriye no guhuza no guhindura imiterere yumuhanda. Ntabwo kugeza mu 1950, ko abambere bashinzwe amakuru ahuza ibimenyetso byumuhanda byateguwe. Aba bashinzwe gukoresha sensor kumenya ahari ibinyabiziga kumurongo no guhindura igihe ibimenyetso byumuhanda. Ibi bituma sisitemu ifite imbaraga nyinshi kandi yitabira kandi ishobora guhuza neza traffic.

Icyuma gishingiye ku muhanda gishingiye ku muhanda wagaragaye mu myaka ya za 70, urushaho kunoza imikorere ya sisitemu. Aba bashinzwe gukurikirana no gusesengura amakuru ahumura mugihe nyacyo, bemerera imiyoborere myiza yukuri kandi neza. Byongeye kandi, barashobora kuvugana nabandi bashinzwe kugenzura muri kariya gace kugirango bahuze igihe cyibimenyetso byumuhanda kuri koridor.

Mu myaka yashize, gutera imbere mu ikoranabuhanga byakomeje kurushaho gusunika ubushobozi bwo kugenzura ibicuruzwa. Hagaragaye imijyi yubwenge na enterineti yibintu byateje iterambere ryibimenyetso byuruhererekane byibimenyetso bishobora kuvugana nibindi bikoresho byubwenge na sisitemu. Ibi bifungura uburyo bushya bwo kunoza imihanda no kugabanya ubwinshi, nko gukoresha amakuru kuva mubinyabiziga bihujwe kugirango bisobanura igihe cyo kwerekana ibimenyetso.

Uyu munsi, abashinzwe kugenzura ibicuruzwa nibice byingenzi muri sisitemu yo gucunga umuhanda bigezweho. Bafasha gukomeza ibinyabiziga bigenda binyuze mumasangano no kugira uruhare runini mugutezimbere umutekano, kugabanya ubwinshi, no kugabanya umwanda wo mu kirere. Nkuko imigi akomeje gukura no kurushaho kuba imishingwe, akamaro ko kugenzura neza ibimenyetso byiza bizakomeza gukura gusa.

Muri make, amateka yo kugenzura ibishushanyo mbonera nimwe mu guhora dushya no gutera imbere. Duhereye ku myigaragambyo yoroshye mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 20 kugeza ku bagenzuzi bifitanye isano n'uyu munsi, ubwihindurize bwo kugenzura ibimenyetso by'umuhanda byatewe no gukenera umutekano kandi bunoze. Mugihe ikoranabuhanga rikomeje guhinduka, dutegereje iterambere ryibimenyetso byumuhanda bizafasha kurema imigi myiza, irambye mugihe kizaza.

Niba ushishikajwe n'amatara yumuhanda, ikaze kugirango ubaze ibimenyetso byumuhanda utanga qixiang toSoma byinshi.