Amateka yabashinzwe kugenzura ibimenyetso byumuhanda

Amateka yaumugenzuzi wibimenyetso byumuhandas guhera mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 20 igihe byari bikenewe ko habaho uburyo bunoze kandi bunoze bwo gucunga urujya n'uruza. Mugihe umubare wibinyabiziga kumuhanda wiyongera, niko hakenerwa sisitemu zishobora kugenzura neza ibinyabiziga ku masangano.

Abagenzuzi ba mbere berekana ibimenyetso byumuhanda byari ibikoresho byoroshye bya mashini byakoreshaga urukurikirane rwibikoresho na leveri kugirango bayobore igihe cyibimenyetso byumuhanda. Abagenzuzi ba kare bakoreshwaga nintoki nabashinzwe umutekano, bahindura ibimenyetso kuva umutuku ugahinduka icyatsi ukurikije urujya n'uruza. Mugihe iyi sisitemu ari intambwe mu cyerekezo cyiza, ntabwo idafite amakosa yayo. Kuri imwe, ishingiye cyane kubucamanza bwabashinzwe umutekano, bashobora gukora amakosa cyangwa guterwa nimpamvu zituruka hanze. Byongeye kandi, sisitemu ntishobora guhuza nimpinduka zigenda mumodoka umunsi wose.

Mu 1920, umugenzuzi wambere wibimenyetso byumuhanda byateguwe neza muri Amerika. Iyi verisiyo yo hambere yakoresheje urukurikirane rwibihe bya elegitoroniki kugirango igenzure igihe cyibimenyetso byumuhanda. Nubwo ari iterambere ryibanze kuri sisitemu yintoki, iracyafite ubushobozi buke bwo guhuza n’imiterere yimodoka. Mu myaka ya za 1950, ni bwo hambere hateguwe uburyo bwa mbere bwo kugenzura ibimenyetso by’imihanda. Abagenzuzi bakoresha sensor kugirango bamenye ibinyabiziga bihurira kandi bahindure igihe cyibimenyetso byumuhanda. Ibi bituma sisitemu irushaho gukomera no kwitabira kandi irashobora guhuza neza n’imihindagurikire y’imodoka.

Microprocessor ishingiye ku bimenyetso byerekana ibinyabiziga byagaragaye mu myaka ya za 70, bikarushaho kunoza imikorere ya sisitemu. Abagenzuzi bashoboye gutunganya no gusesengura amakuru ahuza mugihe nyacyo, bigatuma habaho gucunga neza ibinyabiziga neza. Mubyongeyeho, barashobora kuvugana nabandi bagenzuzi bo mukarere kugirango bahuze igihe cyibimenyetso byumuhanda kuruhande rwa koridor.

Mu myaka yashize, iterambere mu ikoranabuhanga ryakomeje guteza imbere ubushobozi bwabashinzwe kugenzura ibimenyetso byumuhanda. Kugaragara kwimijyi yubwenge hamwe na enterineti yibintu byateje imbere iterambere ryabashinzwe kugenzura ibimenyetso byumuhanda bishobora kuvugana nibindi bikoresho na sisitemu byubwenge. Ibi bifungura uburyo bushya bwo kunoza urujya n'uruza no kugabanya umuvuduko, nko gukoresha amakuru ava mumodoka ihujwe kugirango uhindure igihe cyibimenyetso.

Uyu munsi, abagenzuzi berekana ibimenyetso byumuhanda nigice cyingenzi cya sisitemu yo gucunga ibinyabiziga bigezweho. Zifasha gukomeza ibinyabiziga binyura mu masangano kandi bigira uruhare runini mu kuzamura umutekano, kugabanya ubukana, no kugabanya ihumana ry’ikirere. Mugihe imijyi ikomeje kwiyongera no kurushaho kuba mumijyi, akamaro ko kugenzura neza ibimenyetso byumuhanda bizakomeza kwiyongera.

Muri make, amateka yabagenzuzi berekana ibimenyetso byumuhanda nimwe muguhora udushya no gutera imbere. Kuva mubikoresho byoroheje byubukanishi mu ntangiriro yikinyejana cya 20 kugeza nubu bigezweho bigenzurwa n’imiyoborere, ihindagurika ry’abashinzwe kugenzura ibimenyetso by’umuhanda ryatewe no gukenera gucunga neza umutekano kandi neza. Mugihe ikoranabuhanga rikomeje gutera imbere, turateganya ko tuzatera imbere mugucunga ibimenyetso byumuhanda bizafasha kurema imijyi myiza, irambye mugihe kiri imbere.

Niba ukunda amatara yumuhanda, urakaza neza kubariza ibimenyetso byumuhanda utanga Qixiang kurisoma byinshi.