Amateka yaumugenzuzi w'ibimenyetso by'umuhandas itangira mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 20 ubwo hari hakenewe uburyo bunoze kandi buteguye bwo gucunga urujya n'uruza rw'imodoka. Uko umubare w'imodoka zigenda ziyongera mu muhanda, ni nako hakenewe sisitemu zishobora kugenzura neza urujya n'uruza rw'ibinyabiziga mu masangano y'imihanda.
Abagenzuzi ba mbere b'ibimenyetso by'umuhanda bari ibikoresho byoroshye bya mekanike byakoreshaga urukurikirane rw'ibikoresho n'imirongo kugira ngo bigenzure igihe cy'ibimenyetso by'umuhanda. Aba bagenzuzi ba mbere bakoreshwaga n'abakozi b'ibinyabiziga, bahinduraga ikimenyetso kuva ku mutuku kikajya ku cyatsi kibisi bitewe n'uko imodoka zigenda. Nubwo ubu buryo ari intambwe igana mu cyerekezo cyiza, ntabwo budafite inenge. Kimwe mu byo bakora, bushingiye cyane ku buryo abayobozi b'ibinyabiziga batekereza, bashobora gukora amakosa cyangwa bagaterwa ingaruka n'ibintu biturutse hanze. Byongeye kandi, ubu buryo ntibushobora kumenyera impinduka mu migendekere y'ibinyabiziga umunsi wose.
Mu 1920, icyuma cya mbere gishinzwe kugenzura ibimenyetso by’umuhanda cyakozwe neza muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika. Iyi verisiyo ya mbere yakoresheje uburyo bwo kugenzura igihe cy’ibimenyetso by’umuhanda. Nubwo ari iterambere rikomeye ugereranyije na sisitemu ikoreshwa n’intoki, ubushobozi bwayo bwo guhuza n’ibihe by’umuhanda buracyari buke. Kugeza mu myaka ya 1950 ni bwo icyuma cya mbere gishinzwe kugenzura ibimenyetso by’umuhanda cyakozwe. Izi mashini zikoresha ibyuma bipima ibinyabiziga kugira ngo zimenye aho imodoka ziri mu masangano y’imihanda no guhindura igihe cy’ibimenyetso by’umuhanda hakurikijwe ibyo zikora. Ibi bituma sisitemu irushaho kuba nziza kandi ikora neza kandi ishobora kumenyera neza ibinyabiziga bigenda bihindagurika.
Ibyuma bigenzura ibimenyetso by’umuhanda bishingiye kuri microprocessor byagaragaye mu myaka ya 1970, birushaho kunoza imikorere ya sisitemu. Ibi bikoresho bigenzura bishobora gutunganya no gusesengura amakuru y’aho imodoka zihurira mu buryo nyabwo, bigatuma habaho imicungire myiza kandi inoze y’urujya n’uruza rw’imodoka. Byongeye kandi, bishobora kuvugana n’abandi bashinzwe kugenzura mu karere kugira ngo bahuze igihe cy’ibimenyetso by’umuhanda ku muhanda.
Mu myaka ya vuba aha, iterambere mu ikoranabuhanga ryakomeje kuzamura ubushobozi bw'abagenzura ibimenyetso by'umuhanda. Kuvuka kw'imijyi ifite ubwenge na interineti y'ibintu byatumye habaho iterambere ry'abagenzura ibimenyetso by'umuhanda bafite umurongo ushobora kuvugana n'ibindi bikoresho na sisitemu by'ubwenge. Ibi bifungura amahirwe mashya yo kunoza urujya n'uruza rw'imodoka no kugabanya umubyigano, nko gukoresha amakuru aturuka ku binyabiziga bihujwe kugira ngo habeho igihe cyiza cyo gukoresha ibimenyetso.
Muri iki gihe, abagenzura ibimenyetso by'umuhanda ni igice cy'ingenzi cya sisitemu zigezweho zo gucunga ibinyabiziga. Bafasha imodoka gukomeza kugenda mu masangano y'imihanda kandi bagira uruhare runini mu kunoza umutekano, kugabanya ubucucike bw'imodoka, no kugabanya ihumana ry'ikirere. Uko imijyi ikomeza gukura no kwiyongera mu mijyi, akamaro ko kugenzura ibimenyetso by'umuhanda neza kazakomeza kwiyongera.
Muri make, amateka y’abagenzura ibimenyetso by’umuhanda ni ay’udushya n’iterambere bihoraho. Kuva ku bikoresho byoroshye bya mekanike mu ntangiriro z’ikinyejana cya 20 kugeza ku bagenzura b’ikoranabuhanga bagezweho muri iki gihe, iterambere ry’abagenzura ibimenyetso by’umuhanda ryatewe no gukenera gucunga neza kandi neza ibinyabiziga. Uko ikoranabuhanga rikomeza gutera imbere, twiteze iterambere rinini mu bagenzura ibimenyetso by’umuhanda rizafasha mu gushyiraho imijyi ifite ubwenge kandi irambye mu gihe kizaza.
Niba ushishikajwe n'amatara yo ku muhanda, ikaze kuvugana n'utanga serivisi zo kugenzura ibimenyetso by'umuhanda Qixiang kurisoma byinshi.
Igihe cyo kohereza: 23 Gashyantare 2024
