Abantu bagenda mu muhanda ubu bamenyereye gukurikiza amabwiriza yaamatara yo ku muhandakunyura mu nzira zigororotse. Ariko se wigeze utekereza ku wavumbuye itara ryo ku muhanda? Dukurikije inyandiko, itara ryo ku muhanda ku isi ryakoreshwaga mu karere ka Westmeister i Londres, mu Bwongereza mu 1868. Icyo gihe amatara yo ku muhanda yari atukura n'icyatsi kibisi gusa, kandi yari afite lisansi.
Mu 1914 ni bwo amatara yo ku muhanda yakoreshejwe muri Cleveland, muri leta ya Ohio. Iki gikoresho cyashyizeho urufatiro rw'ibikoresho bigezwehoibimenyetso by'amabwiriza yo mu muhanda.Igihe cyinjiye mu 1918, Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika zashyizeho ikimenyetso cy’imodoka gifite amabara atatu ku munara muremure uri kuri Fifth Avenue mu Mujyi wa New York. Umushinwa ni we watanze igitekerezo cyo kongeramo amatara y’umuhondo ku matara y’umwimerere y’umutuku n’icyatsi kibisi.
Uyu mushinwa yitwa Hu Ruding. Icyo gihe, yagiye muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika afite intego yo "kurokora igihugu mu buryo bwa siyansi". Yakoraga nk'umukozi wa General Electric Company, aho umuvumbuzi Edison yari umuyobozi. Umunsi umwe, yahagaze mu masangano y'imihanda ategereje ikimenyetso cy'itara ry'icyatsi kibisi. Abonye itara ritukura agiye kunyuraho, imodoka yazungurukaga irarira cyane, imutera ubwoba bwo kubira ibyuya bikonje. Agarutse mu cyumba cy'icumbi, yatekereje kenshi maze amaherezo atekereza kongeramo itara ry'umuhondo hagati y'amatara atukura n'ay'icyatsi kibisi kugira ngo yibutse abantu kwitondera akaga. Icyifuzo cye cyahise cyemezwa n'impande zibishinzwe. Kubwibyo, amatara atukura, umuhondo n'icyatsi kibisi ni umuryango wuzuye w'ibimenyetso by'ubuyobozi, bikorera ku butaka, mu nyanja no mu kirere hirya no hino ku isi.
Ibihe by'ingenzi bikurikira mu iterambere ryaamatara yo ku muhanda:
-Mu 1868, mu Bwongereza havutse urumuri rw'imodoka ku isi;
-Mu 1914, amatara yo ku muhanda agenzurwa n'ikoranabuhanga yagaragaye bwa mbere mu mihanda ya Cleveland, muri Ohio;
-Mu 1918, Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika zari zifite ikimenyetso cy'umutuku, umuhondo n'icyatsi kibisi cy'amabara atatu ku muhanda wa Fifth Avenue;
-Mu 1925, Londres, Ubwongereza yashyizeho amatara y'ibimenyetso y'amabara atatu, kandi yigeze gukoresha amatara y'umuhondo nk'"amatara yo kwitegura" mbere y'amatara atukura (mbere y'ibi, Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika zakoreshaga amatara y'umuhondo kugira ngo yerekane ko imodoka izunguruka);
Mu 1928, amatara yo mu muhanda yo mu Bushinwa yagaragaye mu masezerano y’Abongereza yo mu mujyi wa Shanghai. Amatara yo mu muhanda yo mu Beijing yagaragaye mu muhanda wa Xijiaomin mu 1932.
-Mu 1954, icyahoze ari Ubudage bw’Igihugu cyakoresheje bwa mbere uburyo bwo kugenzura umurongo mbere y’ikimenyetso no kwerekana umuvuduko (Beijing yakoresheje umurongo usa n’uwo mu kugenzura amatara yo ku muhanda muri Gashyantare 1985).
-Mu 1959, amatara yo ku muhanda agenzurwa n'uduce twa mudasobwa yaravutse.
Kugeza ubu, amatara yo ku muhanda yabaye meza cyane. Hari ubwoko butandukanye bw'amatara yo ku muhanda, amatara yuzuye, amatara y'imodoka, amatara y'abanyamaguru, amatara yo ku muhanda, n'ibindi, "Amatara atukura ahagarara, amatara y'icyatsi kibisi" kugira ngo turinde urugendo rwacu hamwe.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-09-2022
