Abantu bagenda mumuhanda ubu bamenyereye gukurikiza amabwiriza yaamatara yo kumuhandagutondekanya kunyura mumihanda. Ariko wigeze utekereza ninde wahimbye itara ryumuhanda? Dukurikije inyandiko, itara ry’umuhanda ku isi ryakoreshejwe mu karere ka Westmeister i Londere mu Bwongereza mu 1868. Amatara y’umuhanda icyo gihe yari umutuku n'icyatsi gusa, kandi yacanwa na gaze.
Mu 1914 ni bwo amatara yo mu muhanda y’amashanyarazi yakoreshejwe i Cleveland, muri Leta ya Ohio. Iki gikoresho cyashizeho urufatiro rwibigezwehoibimenyetso byumuhanda.Igihe cyinjiye mu 1918, Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika zashyizeho ikimenyetso cy’imodoka eshatu ku isi ku munara muremure ku Muhanda wa gatanu mu mujyi wa New York. Umushinwa niwe watanze igitekerezo cyo kongeramo amatara yumuhondo kumatara yumwimerere yumutuku nicyatsi.
Uyu Bushinwa yitwa Hu Ruding. Muri icyo gihe, yagiye muri Amerika afite intego yo "gukiza igihugu siyanse". Yakoraga nk'umukozi wa sosiyete ikora amashanyarazi rusange, aho uwahimbye Edison yari umuyobozi. Umunsi umwe, yahagaze ku masangano ahuze ategereje icyatsi kibisi. Abonye itara ritukura kandi yenda kurengana, imodoka ihindukira irengana arira, imutera ubwoba ibyuya bikonje. Agarutse muri dortoir, yatekereje inshuro nyinshi arangije atekereza kongeramo itara ryerekana umuhondo hagati yamatara atukura nicyatsi kugirango yibutse abantu kwitondera akaga. Icyifuzo cye cyahise cyemezwa n’impande zibishinzwe. Kubwibyo, amatara yumutuku, umuhondo nicyatsi ni umuryango wuzuye wibimenyetso byerekana umuryango, utwikiriye ubutaka, inyanja hamwe nogutwara ikirere kwisi yose.
Ibihe byingenzi byingenzi bikurikira kugirango iterambere ryiterambereamatara yo kumuhanda:
-Mu 1868, mu Bwongereza havutse itara ry'umuhanda ku isi;
-Mu 1914, amatara yumuhanda yagenzuwe hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga yagaragaye bwa mbere mumihanda ya Cleveland, Ohio;
-Mu 1918, Reta zunzubumwe zamerika zari zifite ibimenyetso byumuhanda wumutuku, umuhondo, nicyatsi kibisi amabara atatu yumuhanda wa gatanu;
-Mu 1925, London, Ubwongereza bwashyizeho amatara yerekana amabara atatu, kandi yigeze gukoresha amatara yumuhondo nk "amatara yo kwitegura" mbere yamatara atukura (mbere yibi, Amerika yakoresheje amatara yumuhondo kugirango yerekane ko imodoka ihinduka);
-Mu 1928, amatara yumuhanda wambere mubushinwa yagaragaye muri Concession yabongereza i Shanghai. Amatara yo mu muhanda ya Beijing yagaragaye muri Lane ya Xijiaomin mu 1932.
-Mu 1954, icyahoze ari Ubudage bw’Ubudage bwakoresheje bwa mbere uburyo bwo kugenzura umurongo mbere yo kwerekana ibimenyetso no kwerekana umuvuduko (Pekin yakoresheje umurongo nk'uwo mu kugenzura amatara yo muri Gashyantare 1985).
-Mu 1959, havutse amatara yumuhanda agenzurwa na mudasobwa.
Kugeza ubu, amatara yumuhanda yabaye meza cyane. Hano hari ubwoko butandukanye bwamatara yumuhanda, amatara yuzuye ya traffic, amatara yumuhanda, amatara yumuhanda wabanyamaguru, amatara yumuhanda, nibindi, "Amatara atukura ahagarara, amatara yicyatsi" kugirango turinde urugendo rwacu hamwe.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-09-2022
