Itara ry'ikimenyetso cy'umuhanda ni igice cy'ingenzi mu buhanga bw'ibinyabiziga, ritanga ubufasha bukomeye bw'ibikoresho kugira ngo urujya n'uruza rw'imodoka rugende neza. Ariko, imikorere y'ikimenyetso cy'umuhanda igomba gukomeza gukinwa mu gihe cyo gushyiraho, kandi imbaraga za mekanike, gukomera no kudahungabana mu gihe cyo kwakira imizigo bigomba kwitabwaho byuzuye mu igenamigambi ry'inyubako. Hanyuma, nzakwereka uburyo bwo gushyiraho neza inkingi z'amatara y'ikimenyetso cy'umuhanda n'uburyo busanzwe bwo gushariza amatara y'ikimenyetso kugira ngo usobanukirwe.
Uburyo bwo gushyiraho neza inkingi y'amatara y'ikimenyetso cy'umuhanda
Hari uburyo bubiri busanzwe bwo kubara inkingi z'amatara y'ibimenyetso: bumwe ni ukoroshya imiterere y'amatara y'ibimenyetso mu buryo bw'inkingi hakoreshejwe amahame y'imiterere y'ibikoresho, no guhitamo uburyo bwo guteganya imiterere ntarengwa yo kugenzura imibare.
Ikindi ni ugukoresha uburyo bwo kubara bukoreshwa mu buryo bwa "finite element" mu kugenzura. Nubwo uburyo bwa "finite element" ari bwo bwiza cyane hakoreshejwe imashini ibaruramari, bwakoreshwaga cyane muri icyo gihe kuko uburyo bwa "limit state" bushobora gutanga imyanzuro nyayo kandi uburyo bwa "ibaruramari" bworoshye kandi bworoshye kumva.
Imiterere yo hejuru y'inkingi y'ikimenyetso muri rusange ni imiterere y'icyuma, kandi uburyo bwo guteganya imiterere ntarengwa bushingiye ku gitekerezo cy'ubushobozi buratoranywa. Igenamigambi rishingiye ku miterere ntarengwa y'ubushobozi bwo gutwara ibintu n'ikoreshwa risanzwe. Umusingi wo hasi ni umusingi wa beto, kandi igenamigambi ry'ubuhanga bw'ishingiro riratoranywa.
Ibikoresho bisanzwe by'ikimenyetso cy'umuhanda mu buhanga bw'umuhanda ni ibi bikurikira:
1. Ubwoko bw'inkingi
Inkingi z'amatara y'ikimenyetso cy'ubwoko bw'inkingi zikunze gukoreshwa mu gushyiraho amatara y'ikimenyetso y'inyongera n'amatara y'ikimenyetso cy'abanyamaguru. Amatara y'ikimenyetso y'inyongera akunze gushyirwa ibumoso n'iburyo bw'umuhanda wo guparika.
2. Ubwoko bwa Cantilever
Itara ry'ikimenyetso cya Cantilevered rigizwe n'inkingi ihagaze n'ukuboko kwambukiranya. Akamaro k'iki gikoresho ni ugukoresha igikoresho no kugenzura ibikoresho by'ikimenyetso mu ihuriro ry'imihanda myinshi, ibyo bigabanya ingorane zo gushyiramo amashanyarazi mu buryo bw'ikoranabuhanga. Cyane cyane, biroroshye gutegura gahunda nyinshi zo kugenzura ibimenyetso mu ihuriro ry'imihanda ikomeye.
3. Ubwoko bw'ibikoresho bibiri bya cantilever
Itara ry'ikimenyetso cy'imodoka ebyiri rigizwe n'inkingi ihagaze n'impande ebyiri. Rikunze gukoreshwa ku nzira nini n'iz'inyongera, imihanda minini n'iy'inyongera cyangwa aho inzira zihurira hameze nk'inyuguti ya T. Impande ebyiri zishobora kuba zifite imiterere itambitse kandi zishobora gukoreshwa mu buryo butandukanye.
4. Ubwoko bw'agasanduku k'inyuma
Itara ry'ikimenyetso cy'ubwoko bwa gantry rikunze gukoreshwa mu gihe aho inzira y'umuhanda ari nini kandi hakenewe ko habaho ibikoresho byinshi by'ikimenyetso icyarimwe. Rikunze gukoreshwa ku muryango w'inzira y'ubutaka n'umuryango w'umujyi.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-12-2022
