Amatara yo mu muhandabyahindutse igice cyingenzi mubuzima bwacu bwa buri munsi, ariko wigeze wibaza amateka yabo ashimishije? Kuva mu ntangiriro yoroheje kugeza ibishushanyo mbonera bigezweho, amatara yumuhanda ageze kure. Twiyunge natwe mugihe dutangiye urugendo rushimishije mukomoko nihindagurika ryibi bikoresho byingenzi bigenzura ibinyabiziga.
Intangiriro kumatara yumuhanda
Amatara yumuhanda muri rusange agizwe namatara atukura (agaragaza kubuza kunyura), amatara yicyatsi (agaragaza uruhushya rwo kunyuramo), namatara yumuhondo (agaragaza umuburo). Ukurikije imiterere n'intego byayo, igabanijwemo amatara yerekana ibinyabiziga, amatara yerekana ibinyabiziga bidafite moteri, amatara yerekana inzira nyabagendwa, amatara yerekana inzira, amatara yerekana icyerekezo, amatara yo kuburira, amatara yerekana ibimenyetso bya gari ya moshi, n'ibindi.
1. Intangiriro yoroheje
Igitekerezo cyo kugenzura ibinyabiziga cyaturutse mumico ya kera. I Roma ya kera, abasirikari bakuru bakoresheje ibimenyetso by'amaboko kugira ngo bagenzure imigare ikururwa n'amafarasi. Ariko, mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 19 ni bwo amatara ya mbere y’amashanyarazi ku isi yazimye. Iki gikoresho cyakozwe n’umupolisi w’Amerika Lester Wire gishyirwa i Cleveland, muri Leta ya Ohio mu 1914. Sisitemu yazamuye cyane umutekano wumuhanda, bituma indi mijyi ifata ibishushanyo bisa.
2. Umuseke wibimenyetso byikora
Mugihe imodoka zimaze kumenyekana, injeniyeri zamenye ko hakenewe uburyo bunoze bwo kugenzura ibinyabiziga. Mu 1920, umupolisi wa Detroit, William Potts yateguye itara rya mbere ry’amabara atatu. Ubu bushya bugabanya urujijo rwabashoferi mugutangiza amber nkikimenyetso cyo kuburira. Amatara yerekana ibimenyetso byabanje gushyirwaho inzogera zo kumenyesha abanyamaguru. Ariko, mu 1930, sisitemu y'amabara atatu tumenyereye uyumunsi (igizwe n'amatara atukura, umuhondo, nicyatsi) yashyizwe mubikorwa kandi ashyirwa mubikorwa mumijyi myinshi kwisi. Amatara yumuhanda ahinduka ibimenyetso bishushanyo, kuyobora ibinyabiziga nabanyamaguru bitagoranye.
3. Iterambere rigezweho no guhanga udushya
Amatara yumuhanda yabonye iterambere ryinshi mumyaka yashize, atezimbere umutekano nurujya n'uruza. Amatara ya kijyambere agezweho afite ibyuma byerekana ibyuma bihari, bituma habaho gucunga neza amasangano. Byongeye kandi, imijyi imwe nimwe yashyizeho uburyo bwo guhuza urumuri rwumuhanda, kugabanya ubwinshi no kugabanya igihe cyurugendo. Byongeye kandi, amatara yumuhanda amwe afite tekinoroji ya LED, itezimbere kugaragara, ikiza ingufu, kandi igabanya amafaranga yo kubungabunga. Iterambere ririmo guha inzira uburyo bwo gucunga neza ubwenge bwumuhanda uhuza ubwenge bwubukorikori hamwe nisesengura ryigihe-nyacyo kugirango hongerwe urujya n'uruza rwinshi muri transport.
Umwanzuro
Kuva ku bimenyetso by'ibanze bya Roma ya kera kugeza kuri sisitemu igezweho yo kugenzura ibinyabiziga, amatara yo mu muhanda yamye ari ishingiro ryo kubungabunga umutekano mu muhanda. Mugihe imijyi ikomeje kwaguka no gutwara abantu bigenda byiyongera, ntagushidikanya ko amatara yumuhanda azagira uruhare runini mugukomeza ingendo nziza kandi nziza mumasekuruza azaza.
Qixiang, uruganda rukora urumuri rwumuhanda, rufite ubushakashatsi bwinshi mubuhanga bwa LED. Ba injeniyeri biyemeje gushakisha ubuzima burebure bwamatara ya LED mumyaka myinshi, kandi bafite uburambe bukomeye bwo gukora. Niba ukunda itara ryumuhanda, ikaze kutwandikirasoma byinshi.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-08-2023
