Incamake ishimishije mumateka yamatara yumuhanda

Amatara yumuhandababaye igice cyingenzi mubuzima bwacu bwa buri munsi, ariko wigeze wibaza ku mateka yabo ashimishije? Kuva mu ntangiriro zicishije bugufi ku bishushanyo bigezweho, amatara yumuhanda araza inzira ndende. Twifatanye natwe mugihe dutangiye urugendo rushimishije tunyuramo uko dukomokamo nubwihindurize bwibi bikoresho byingenzi byo kugenzura ibinyabiziga.

Intangiriro ku muhanda

Amatara yumuhanda muri rusange agizwe n'amatara atukura (kwerekana ko bibuza igice), amatara yicyatsi (yerekana uruhushya rwibice), n'umuhondo (kwerekana umuburo). Ukurikije imiterere n'intego yayo, igabanijwemo amatara yerekana ibikoresho, amatara y'ibimenyetso bidafite moteri, amatara yerekana ibimenyetso, amatara y'ibimenyetso, amatara yo kuburira, gucana amatara, nibindi.

1. Intangiriro yoroheje

Igitekerezo cyo kugenzura traffic yagarutse mumico ya kera. Muri Roma ya kera, abasirikari ba gisirikare bakoresheje ibimenyetso by'intoki byo kugenzura imishinga y'amagare akururwa n'amafarasi. Icyakora, mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 19 ntibyari amatara ya mbere y'isi yasohotse. Igikoresho cyatejwe imbere n'umupolisi w'Amerika Lester insinga kandi yashyizwe muri Cleveland, Ohio mu 1914. Igizwe niboneza ryumuhanda hamwe nibimenyetso byintoki "guhagarika". Sisitemu yazamuye neza umutekano wumuhanda, ishaka indi mijyi yo gufata ibishushanyo bisa.

2. Umuseke wibimenyetso byikora

Mugihe imodoka zabaye rusange, abashinzwe injeniyeri bamenye ko bishoboka sisitemu yo kugenzura ibinyabiziga neza. Mu 1920, Polisi ya Detroit Umupolisi William yateguye itara rya mbere. Iyi mishya igabanya urujijo abashoferi no kumenyekanisha Amber nkikimenyetso cyo kuburira. Amatara y'ibimenyetso byikora yabanje guhabwa inzogera kugirango amenyeshe abanyamaguru. Ariko, bitarenze 1930, sisitemu yamabara atatu tumenyereye uyumunsi (igizwe amatara atukura, umuhondo, nicyatsi kibisinye) yashyizwe mubikorwa mumijyi myinshi kwisi. Aya matara yumuhanda aba ibimenyetso byerekana, ibinyabiziga n'abanyamaguru n'abanyamaguru n'abanyamaguru.

3. Iterambere rigezweho no guhanga udushya

Amatara yumuhanda yabonye iterambere rikomeye mumyaka yashize, kunoza umutekano no gutemba. Amatara yumuhanda ya kijyambere afite ibikoresho byerekana ko ibinyabiziga bihari, bigatuma imicungire myiza yimbere. Byongeye kandi, imijyi imwe n'imwe yatangije uburyo bworoheje bworoheje bwo guhuza imihanda, kugabanya ubwinshi no kugabanya igihe cy'ingendo. Byongeye kandi, amatara yumuhanda afite ibikoresho byubukorikori, bitezimbere kugaragara, azigama imbaraga, kandi agabanya ibiciro byo kubungabunga. Iterambere ririmo uburyo bwo gucunga uburyo bwo gucunga umutungo uhungabanya ubwenge hamwe nubushakashatsi bwubukorikori hamwe nisesengura ryamakuru nyabagendwa kugirango utegure imihanda no kongera imikorere yo gutwara abantu muri rusange.

Umwanzuro

Duhereye ku kimenyetso cy'ibanze cya Roma ya kera kugeza ubu sisitemu ifite ubuhanga bwo kugenzura imihanda, amatara yumuhanda yamye shingiro ryo kubungabunga umutekano mumuhanda. Nkuko imigi ikomeje kwaguka no gutwara abantu, nta gushidikanya, amatara yumuhanda azagira uruhare runini mugushinyagurira umutekano kandi neza kubaturwe bizaza.

Qixiang, uruganda rworoheje rwo mu muhanda, rufite ubushakashatsi bwinshi mu ikoranabuhanga. Abashakashatsi biyemeje gushakisha igihe kirekire cyo kumara amatara yumuhanda mumyaka myinshi, kandi bafite uburambe bwo gukora inganda. Niba ushishikajwe no kumurika kwumuhanda, ikaze kutugerahoSoma byinshi.