Ibimenyetso byihariye bizwi nka amatara yo mu muhanda akoreshwa mu kuyobora imodoka mu byerekezo runaka. Kugena neza iburyo bw'imodoka zigana ibumoso, mu buryo bugororotse, no mu buryo bugororotse ni inshingano yazo nyamukuru.
Ubusanzwe byerekeza mu cyerekezo kimwe n'umuhanda, bagizwe n'imyambi itukura, umuhondo n'icyatsi kibisi. Iyo umwambi w'umuhondo wacanywe, ibinyabiziga byamaze kwambuka umurongo wo guhagarara bishobora gukomeza, mu gihe ibitaracanywe bigomba guhagarara no gutegereza; iyo umwambi utukura wacanywe, ibinyabiziga biri muri icyo cyerekezo bigomba guhagarara ntibirenge umurongo; kandi iyo umwambi w'icyatsi kibisi wacanywe, ibinyabiziga biri muri icyo cyerekezo bishobora gukomeza.
Ugereranije n'amatara y'umuhanda azenguruka, amatara y'imyambi akumira neza amakimbirane y'imodoka mu masangano y'imihanda kandi agatanga ibimenyetso nyabyo. Ni igice cy'ingenzi cya sisitemu y'ibimenyetso by'umuhanda mu mijyi kandi akunze gukoreshwa mu kunoza gahunda y'umuhanda n'umutekano mu mihanda ishobora gusubira inyuma n'aho ihurira hagoye.
Ibimenyetso byihariye bizwi nka amatara yo mu muhanda akoreshwa mu kuyobora imodoka mu byerekezo runaka. Kugena neza iburyo bw'imodoka zigana ibumoso, mu buryo bugororotse, no mu buryo bugororotse ni inshingano yazo nyamukuru.
Ubusanzwe byerekeza mu cyerekezo kimwe n'umuhanda, bagizwe n'imyambi itukura, umuhondo n'icyatsi kibisi. Iyo umwambi w'umuhondo wacanywe, ibinyabiziga byamaze kwambuka umurongo wo guhagarara bishobora gukomeza, mu gihe ibitaracanywe bigomba guhagarara no gutegereza; iyo umwambi utukura wacanywe, ibinyabiziga biri muri icyo cyerekezo bigomba guhagarara ntibirenge umurongo; kandi iyo umwambi w'icyatsi kibisi wacanywe, ibinyabiziga biri muri icyo cyerekezo bishobora gukomeza.
Ugereranije n'amatara y'umuhanda azenguruka, amatara y'imyambi akumira neza amakimbirane y'imodoka mu masangano y'imihanda kandi agatanga ibimenyetso nyabyo. Ni igice cy'ingenzi cya sisitemu y'ibimenyetso by'umuhanda mu mijyi kandi akunze gukoreshwa mu kunoza gahunda y'umuhanda n'umutekano mu mihanda ishobora gusubira inyuma n'aho ihurira hagoye.
Ku mihanda yo mu mujyi, itara ry’ikimenyetso cy’umuhanda riciriritse rya mm 300 rikunze gukoreshwa. Ibyiza byaryo by’ingenzi ni imikorere, ubworoherane, no kugaragara neza, ibyo bigatuma rikwiriye ahantu henshi hahurira abantu benshi.
Nubwo haba ku manywa y'ihangu, ingano iringaniye y'urumuri rwa mm 300 n'aho ikimenyetso cy'umwambi gishyirwa muri urwo rumuri bitanga icyizere cyoroshye cyo kurwimenya. Ku ntera isanzwe yo gutwara imodoka mu mihanda minini n'iy'inyongera yo mu mujyi, urumuri rwayo rugaragara neza rurakwiye. Kuva ku ntera ya metero 50 kugeza ku 100, abashoferi bashobora kubona neza ibara ry'urumuri n'icyerekezo cy'umwambi, bikabarinda gukora amakosa bitewe n'utumenyetso duto. Umucyo wo mu ijoro utuma umuntu abona neza kandi agatwara neza kuko binjira cyane kandi ntibirenze imbaraga zegereye imodoka.
Kubera uburemere bwayo buri hagati, iri tara ry'ikimenyetso cy'umuhanda rya mm 300 ntirikeneye imbaraga z'inyongera ku nkingi. Rirahendutse kandi ryoroshye kurishyiraho, kandi rishobora gushyirwa ku mashini zihuza ibimenyetso, uduce tw'imashini zifata amapine, cyangwa inkingi zisanzwe z'ikimenyetso cy'aho amapine ahurira. Rikwiriye imihanda minini ifite inzira enye kugeza kuri esheshatu kandi rishobora no guhaza ibisabwa mu gushyiramo amahuriro magufi nko kwinjira no gusohokera mu ngo ndetse n'imihanda minini. Rikuraho gukenera guhindura ingano y'urumuri rw'ikimenyetso hashingiwe ku bunini bw'amahuriro, ritanga ubushobozi bwo gukora ibintu bitandukanye kandi rigabanya uburyo bwo gutanga no kubungabunga amasoko y'umujyi.
Amatara y'urumuri ya mm 300 akoresha amatara ya LED, akoresha kimwe cya gatatu kugeza kuri kimwe cya kabiri cy'amatara asanzwe, bigabanya cyane ikoreshwa ry'ingufu uko igihe kigenda gihita. Ugereranyije n'amatara mato, amara igihe kirekire cyane akoreshwa kuva ku myaka itanu kugeza ku munani bitewe n'imiterere yayo mito kandi ikoresha ubushyuhe bwinshi. Byongeye kandi, ibikoresho byayo bihuye neza bituma byoroha gusimbuza ibice byangiritse nk'amashanyarazi n'urumuri, bigatuma habaho uruziga rurerure rwo kubungabunga no kugabanya ikiguzi, bigabanya ikiguzi cy'imikorere y'ibikorwa remezo by'imodoka mu mujyi.
Byongeye kandi, ikimenyetso cy'ikimenyetso cy'umuhanda cya mm 300 gifite ubunini buringaniye, ntabwo ari kinini cyane ku buryo kidashobora gufata umwanya munini w'inkingi cyangwa ngo kibe gito cyane ku buryo kigora abanyamaguru cyangwa ibinyabiziga bitari moteri kubimenya. Ni igisubizo gihendutse gihuye n'ibisabwa n'ibinyabiziga bifite moteri n'ibidafite moteri. Gikunze gukoreshwa mu masangano atandukanye y'imihanda, bigatuma umutekano n'umutekano w'ibinyabiziga bikomeza kugenda neza.
A: Mu zuba ryinshi, abashoferi bashobora kumenya neza ibara ry'urumuri n'icyerekezo cy'umwambi uri muri metero 50-100; nijoro cyangwa mu gihe cy'imvura, intera yo kugaragara ishobora kugera kuri metero 80-120, bigahura n'ibikenewe mu kumenya imodoka mu masangano asanzwe.
A: Mu gihe gisanzwe gikoreshwa, igihe cyo kubaho gishobora kugera ku myaka 5-8. Itara rifite imiterere nto yo gusohora ubushyuhe kandi rishobora gucika intege nke. Ibice byaryo birahindagurika cyane, kandi ibice byangirika byoroshye nka panelo y'amatara n'amashanyarazi biroroshye gusimbuza hatabayeho gukoresha ibikoresho byihariye.
A: Guhuza "ubusobanuro" n' "uburyo bworoshye bwo gukoresha": Ifite uburebure bwagutse bwo kureba kure burenze mm 200, ikwiriye ahantu hahurira abantu benshi; yoroshye kandi yoroshye kuyishyiraho kurusha mm 400, kandi ikoresha ingufu nke n'ibiciro byo kugura, bigatuma iba imiterere iciriritse kandi ihendutse.
A: Amategeko akaze y'igihugu (GB 14887-2011) arakenewe. Imirasire y'ubushyuhe itukura ni 620-625 nm, imirasire y'icyatsi kibisi ni 505-510 nm, naho imirasire y'umuhondo ni 590-595 nm. Umucyo wazo ni ≥200 cd/㎡, ibi bikaba bituma habaho kugaragara mu bihe bitandukanye by'urumuri.
A: Guhindura ibintu birashoboka. Umwambi umwe (ibumoso/iburyo/ibumoso), utwambi tubiri (urugero, guhindukira ibumoso + imbere igororotse), n'uruvange rw'utwambi dutatu—bishobora guhuzwa neza hakurikijwe imikorere y'inzira y'aho inzira ihurira—ni bimwe mu bipimo byunganirwa n'ibicuruzwa bisanzwe.
